Powdered coconut water as a storage medium to preserve the viability of periodontal ligament cells: a laboratory study.

AIM: To investigate the ability of newly developed powdered coconut water formulas (ACP) with different osmolarities to maintain the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells over time compared with other solutions. METHODOLOGY: Dogs teeth were extracted and stored for two periods, 3 h or 24 h, in the following media: long-shelf life CW (CW), pH-adjusted long-shelf life CW (pH-CW) and powdered CW that was pH and osmolality adjusted (ACP-404-I, 250 mOsm kg-1 H2 O; pH 7.0; ACP-404-II, 372 mOsm kg-1 H2 O; pH 7.0; ACP-404-III, 300 mOsm kg-1 H2 O; pH 7.4). The positive control group (Pc) corresponded to immediate measurement after tooth extraction, and two negative controls (Nc) corresponded to 3 h and 24 h of dry time. PDL cells were extracted, and cell viability analysed by Trypan blue exclusion. Data were analysed statistically using two-way anova followed by the Tukey test and one-way anova followed by the Dunnett test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: At 3 h and 24 h, ACP-404-I had a performance similar to those of ACP-404-II and pH-CW, with significantly higher (P = 0.004) percentages of viable cells than ACP-404-III and CW. The positive control group had a significantly higher (P = 0.002) percentage of viable cells than the negative control groups, CW and ACP-404-III, irrespective of the period evaluated. CONCLUSION: Powdered coconut water formulas, ACP-404-I and ACP-404-II, preserved viability for up to 24 h.

Antibodies specific to infectious bronchitis in broilers in Ceará state, Brazil

The experiment was carried out to determine the antibody levels to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in 1120 broilers of two broiler flocks, both from the same parental flock and free from previous vaccination. Forty chicks of each line were alloted to the control group and the sera were tested by indirect ELISA. The vaccination program consisted on the administration of commercial vaccines against IBV at 10 and 25 days of age. Chicks with low levels of maternal antibodies (Mab) did not show significant titers to the first vaccinal stimulus. They presented a vaccinal response to the second vaccinal stimulus reaching the top around GMT 1100 at 45 days. Chicks with high Mab titers did not show significant titers to the primary and secondary vaccinal stimuli, reaching peak levels of GMT 500 at 45 days. No antibody response was detected after the primary vaccination at day 10. A delayed antibody response was detected after the secondary vaccination on day 25, indicating no previous priming. The maternal antibody titers can interfere on the response to the first and second vaccinal stimulus promoting the neutralization of the first vaccination and a different response to the second one, according to high or low maternal antibodies.

Utilizaram-se 1120 pintos de um dia de idade, de duas linhagens, não vacinados, para determinar os níveis de anticorpos para o vírus da bronquite infecciosa (VBI) em frangos de corte no estado do Ceará. Quarenta aves de cada linhagem, colocadas em boxes isolados e não vacinadas, foram usadas como controle. As aves vacinadas contra VBI aos 15 e 25 dias foram submetidas a coletas de sangue periódicas para avaliação, pelo ELISA indireto, dos títulos de anticorpos para VBI. As aves com baixos títulos de anticorpos maternos (AcM) não apresentaram títulos significativos ao primeiro estímulo vacinal; para o segundo estímulo, o pico de resposta de GMT 1100 ocorreu aos 45 dias. As com elevado título de AcM não responderam significativamente à primeira vacinação e o pico de resposta ao segundo estímulo de GMT 500 ocorreu aos 45 dias. Não se verificou resposta de anticorpos para o primeiro estímulo vacinal, observando-se resposta tardia somente para o segundo. Os AcM podem ter interferido tanto no primeiro quanto no segundo estímulo, promovendo neutralização da primeira vacinação e resposta diferenciada para a segunda de acordo com o nível, elevado ou baixo, de AcM.